The Merchant Of Venice Portia free essay sample

The Merchant Of Venice: Portia # 8217 ; s Suitors Essay, Research Paper Compare and contrast Portia? s three suers, analyzing their charactersShakespeare high spots three of Portia? s suers, the Prince of Morocco, the Prince of Arragon and Bassanio. He does this to rise dramatic tenseness, as these three work forces are the most of import campaigners to win Portia? s manus in matrimony. They reveal the contents of the three coffins and their different characters every bit exposed as being proud, vain and low. They besides emphasise the racial biass of Venice a topographic point where many races clash. Their attitudes towards the coffins and their picks indicate what their character is like. This essay will compare and contrast the three suers and will research how Shakespeare influences the audience? s attitudes towards the three work forces. The Prince of Morocco is the first suer of the three suers we are introduced to. We will write a custom essay sample on The Merchant Of Venice Portia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His first line is, ? Mislike me non for my skin color? ( Act II Scene I ) He is dying to counterbalance for the coloring material of his tegument. He shows himself to be ashamed and insecure. However his character is proud because after he comments on his tegument coloring material he proceeds to support it and boasts about himself, ? # 8230 ; this facet of mine/ Hath fright? d the valiant? The best regarded virgins of our clime/Have lov? d it excessively # 8230 ; ? ( Act II Scene I ) He challenges Portia to compare his blood with the whitest of work forces to see whose is the reddest. ? Bring me the fairest animal? And allow us do scratch for your love/ To turn out whose blood is reddish, or mine. ? ( Act II Scene I ) This would be a manner to propose that Morocco was every bit baronial as any white adult male was because ruddy blood signified bravery and virility. A batch of accent is placed on Morocco? s skin coloring material. His tedious addresss full of false and excessive congratulations makes him sound insincere, ? ? all the universe desires her ; /From all corners of the Earth they come, / To snog this shrine, this mortal external respiration saint: ? ( Act II Scene seven ) In contrast his issue is short and dignified, in entire disparity to his entryway and long addresss before taking a coffin. ? ? I have excessively griev? d a bosom /To take a boring leave: leave also-rans part. ? ( Act II Scene seven ) This indicates he does non easy accept licking. He explains his ideas on each of the coffins as he reads the letterings on them. He says the lead coffin is non deserving guessing everything for and rapidly dismisses it. When he comes to the Ag coffin he remarks, ? Thou dost deserve adequate and yet enough/May non widen so far as to the lady: ? ( Act II Scene seven ) . He exposes his secret fright that he does non merit Portia. He considers silver non to be expansive plenty for Portia and dismisses this coffin besides. He settles upon the gold coffin believing that? what many work forces want? describes Portia. His pick can be explained by the fact that it is merely his royal blood and his luck that lends him regard from the people of Venice. His wealths are really of import to him. From this we can state that Morocco represents animal love, a desire for physical pleasances as oppose to those of the head. This means Morocco Judgess on outward visual aspects. The citation, ? All that glitters is non gold? befits his character which is insecure and shoal. The 2nd suer is the Prince of Arragon whose entryway unlike Morocco? s is non pre-empted by any remarks from Portia. His haughtiness and pride are shown through his pick of coffin and his reaction to taking the incorrect coffin. He remarks on the lettering of gold coffin, ? ? I will non leap with common spirits/And rank me with brutal multitudes. ? ( Act II Scene nine ) and believing gold was excessively common for him he arrogantly discards it. He does non even halt to contemplate the lead coffin stating merely that it would hold to look more attractive for him to guess anything for it. The Ag coffin is the 1 that entreaties to him the most because he feels that no one deserving should travel unmerited. His haughtiness leads him to presume that he is worthy of Portia. Before he opens the coffin he says, ? I will presume dessert? ? . His reaction when he finds that he was unsuccessful besides highlights his haughtiness because he is so incredulous and can non believe this is go oning to him, ? Did I deserve no more than a sap? s caput? / Is that my award? Are my sweets no better? ? ( Act II Scene nine ) . He is so chapfallen that one could experience sympathy for him. But he gracefully accepts his destiny and makes a dignified issue, ? I? ll maintain my curse, /Patiently to bear my wroth. ? ( Act ii Scene nine ) . His pick indicates that Arragon represents love controlled by mind because from his point of view taking the Ag coffin was the obvious and right pick. He was blind to his ain pride. Bassanio is the last of the three suers and since he has appeared several times throughout the drama before the audience know him rather good. He is portrayed as neither proud nor chesty but shows himself to be nervous around Portia bespeaking he may be inexperienced with adult females. This contrasts with the attitudes of the other two suers, as they are full of ego. Their purpose amongst others is to do Bassanio appear virtuous. He is important and by far the most of import of the three suers because Portia really displays involvement for him. He besides receives a good study from the courier at the terminal of Act II Scene nine before he enters unlike the other two suers. He receives better intervention than the other two suers do. Portia dramas music in the background possibly to quiet him and comfort him into the right frame of head so that he may take right. She besides tries to detain him in taking the trial, ? ? for, in taking incorrect, /I lose your company: ? ( Act III Scene two ) . But he says? Let me take ; /For as I am, I live upon the rack? demoing himself to be an impatient and tortured lover or possibly dying to put claim to Portia? s luck. His long addresss before taking the coffin are excessively intense. He does nevertheless do some good points and he centres on the stating, ? wear? T justice a book by its screen? . He talks about faith, cowardliness and beauty. He says how one could explicate off evil actions by mentioning scriptural quotation marks, in consequence concealment behind faith. ? ? In faith, What damned mistake, but some sober brow/ Will bless it and O.K. it with a text? ( Act III Scene two ) On cowardliness he comments that work forces could give marks externally that they were brave but on the interior they were cowards. He besides mentions beauty and how the individual who wore the most cosmetics was the least beautiful. He mentions that head coverings could conceal things and gull even the wisest people and the illustration he gives is a beautiful scarf hides a dark face. This contrasts straight with the other two suers because they are mercenary and justice by outward visual aspects. These wise words and besides the fact that he has nil to lose and everything to derive leads him to take the lead coffin. ? ? 1000 meagre lead, / Which instead menace? nest than dost promise nothing, / Thy lividness moves me more than fluency? ( Act III Scene two ) His reaction to taking the right coffin is merely enraptured and he is ecstatic. His burbling congratulations and efforts to sound sincere fail and do him sound insincere. Shakespeare influences the audience? s attitudes towards the three work forces in the manner that he presents them. The fact that Bassanio receives a good preemption gives the audience a good feeling of him. However, Arragon receives none and Morocco receives a racialist comment before he enters and besides after he has left. Who they are influences the audience excessively, the Prince of Arragon and Morocco are supposed to be viewed as amusing characters. As at the clip, England was at war with Spain, Arragon is a instead uncomplimentary stereotype of a typical Spaniard. His haughtiness and his failure in taking the right coffin would hold been amusing to an Elizabethan audience. Besides some may happen the drama on words with his name? Arragon? and? Arrogant? besides diverting. The same is for Morocco who is jeered at for his tegument coloring material. Bassanio nevertheless is portrayed more favorably, he is a Christian, a Venetian and non proud or chesty. The manner Portia reacts to them is instrumental in act uponing the audience? s sentiments of them. When Portia picks on a mistake of a suer it is pounced upon by the audience and when Portia is happy with a suer ( that is Bassanio ) so the audience besides begins to wish him. The audience? s chief concern is that heroine of the drama is happy with whichever adult male she marries. Shakespeare has a batch of influence over the audience since it is he who decides how to show the characters and whether to do their personalities likeable or non therefore plays with the ideas of the audience. 357

Gymnastics For a Healthy Lifestyle Essay Example

Gymnastics For a Healthy Lifestyle Essay Example Gymnastics For a Healthy Lifestyle Paper Gymnastics For a Healthy Lifestyle Paper There are many health conscience people today. Many of these people also enjoy working out in the gym. There are three groups of people that go to the gym. These groups are OThe one timersO, OThe buddies onlyO, and OThe dedicatedO. There is the group of people who are considered OThe one timersO. This is the group of people who are trying to be health conscience. Often this is the group of people who make it a New Year resolution to make there life healthy. There first step is to get a membership at a gym. The first step is usually followed through. OThe one timersO often make it to the gym the day after they join and do not return due to the lack of motivation. Then there is the group who are known as OThe buddies onlyO. These are the people who join a gym only if they know someone who has a membership at the same gym. This is often due to the thought that working out alone would not be motivating and boring. OThe buddies onlyO is a large majority of those who are at a gym. Many people en joy working out with a companion and will only go to the gym with another ObuddyO. The most health conscience group of all is OThe dedicatedO. This is the group of people who will go : to the gym no matter what conditions. These people have a set schedul e to go to the gym in their life. OThe dedicatedO have plenty of motivation and could care less to go with a ObuddyO. This is often the most admired group in the gym. Being health conscience seems like an easy part of life but not everyone can be Odedic atedO. When it comes to going to the gym there are many excuses that a person may have. Within the three groups there are only two groups that people want to belong to. These two groups would be OThe buddies onlyO, and OThe dedicatedO.

How Mainbars and Sidebars Are Used in News Coverage

How Mainbars and Sidebars Are Used in News Coverage Youve probably noticed that when an especially big news story happens, newspapers, and news websites dont just produce one story about it but often many different stories, depending on the magnitude of the event. These different kinds of stories are called mainbars and sidebars.   What Is a Mainbar? A mainbar is the main news story about a big news event. Its the story that includes the main points of the event, and it tends to focus on the hard-news aspects of the story. Remember the five Ws and the H  - who, what, where, when, why and how? Those are the things you generally want to include in the mainbar. What Is a Sidebar? A sidebar is a story that accompanies the mainbar. But instead of including all the main points of the event, the sidebar focuses on one aspect of it. Depending on the magnitude of the news event, the mainbar can be accompanied by just one sidebar or by many. An Example Lets say youre covering a story about the dramatic rescue of a boy who has fallen through the ice of a pond in winter. Your mainbar would include the most newsy aspects of the story - how the child fell and was rescued, what his condition is, his name and age and so on. Your sidebar, on the other hand, might be a  profile of the person who rescues the boy. Or you might write about how the neighborhood where the boy lives comes together to help the family. Or you might do a sidebar on the pond itself - have people fallen through the ice here before? Were appropriate warning signs posted, or was the pond an accident waiting to happen? Again, mainbars tend to be longer, hard-news oriented stories, while sidebars tend to be shorter and often focus on a more feature-y, human-interest side of the event. There are exceptions to this rule. A sidebar on the dangers of the pond would be a very hard-news story. But a profile of the rescuer would probably read more like a feature. Why Do Editors Use Mainbars and Sidebars? Newspaper editors like using mainbars and sidebars because for big news events, theres too much information to cram into one article. Its better to separate the coverage into smaller pieces, rather than having just one endless article.   Editors also feel that using mainbars and sidebars is more reader-friendly. Readers who want to get a general sense of what has happened can scan the mainbar. If they want to read about one particular aspect of the event they can find the relevant story. Without the mainbar-sidebar approach, readers would have to plow through one huge article to try to find the details theyre interested in. In the digital age, when readers have less time, shorter attention spans and more news to digest, thats not likely to happen. An Example From The New York Times On this page, youll find The New York Times main news story on the ditching of a U.S. Airways passenger jet into the Hudson River. Then, on the right side of the page, under the heading Related coverage, youll see a series of sidebars on the accident, including stories on the quickness of the rescue effort, the hazard that birds present to jets, ​and the fast reaction of the jets crew in responding to the accident.

Research methodology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research methodology - Essay Example This method’s main objective is to come up with general rules or principles. Examples of areas in which quantitative methods are applied include numerical methods (mathematical modeling), laboratory experiments, formal methods (econometrics) and surveys. Quantitative methods involve procedures which have to be followed to obtain expected result. First step the researcher collects variables which are then measured. The next step is to obtain the frequency distribution, measure of dispersion and location, get the probability, test the hypothesis and finally conduct statistical tests. Its advantages are that it facilitates for broad study because it involves many subjects. It also avoids bias among researchers and enhances accuracy of results. This is because it applies many cases and few variables in a study hence precise and can be compared. Quantitative method has disadvantages such as leading to wrong presentation where the researcher gives personal views instead of analyzing the data. Its results provide numerical analysis thus limited. When carried out in a laboratory, its results are artificial in contrary to the real world (Bryman, and Cramer, 1999). Qualitative method Qualitative methods emerged from social sciences. They enhance the study of cultural and social phenomena. It analyzes data according to categorization and quality of the given characteristics. Qualitative methods investigate human beings. They explore how individuals experience and see. Unlike quantitative analysis, it emphasizes on words other than quantities in the collection and examination of data. There are different types of qualitative research: interactive interviewing, written descriptions and observation. Each qualitative research is guided by its own approach of investigation. To ensure quality research, there must be maintenance of details. Its advantage is in unfolding a lot of information about people’s lives in depth. It is relatively inexpensive as it deals wit h small groups at a time. Qualitative analysis also uses cheap measurement tools. Its drawbacks are that it is not convenient because it inhibits statistical data collection. More so, this method gives limited information: it collects details from a small, selected group (Hoepfl, 1999). Mixed methods Statisticians prefer the term mixed model to mixed method. They based their argument on the fact that mixing is not just about the methods carried out in a research. Mixed method is a combination qualitative and quantitative research method. It adopts more than one research approach. It involves methods that are flexible hence appropriate for multiple studies. Mixed method may or may not contain a strategy. The method is used in mapping exercises and collection of the nation’s statistics data. Today, mixed method is widely used because of its merits. In that, mixed methods combine many research methods hence offer an extraordinary opportunity for advancement. It also allows for t he enhancement of skills. However, mixed methods can be tedious especially in the application of many research methods (Bazeley, 2003). Action research It is also known as participatory action research. It originated from social psychology. Action research involves a process which is reflective of progressively solving problems led by persons working together as a team. The process entails being actively involved in an organization’

Freedom of Expression As Curtailed In the First Amendment Research Paper

Freedom of Expression As Curtailed In the First Amendment - Research Paper Example This research is being carried out to establish the source from which the concept of Sedition is originated. In the US for instance, the Constitution as evidenced in the First Amendment provides for freedom of religion and expression. Similar constitutes on free speech, press, Â  and to petition assembly and address for grievances, and the implied rights of association and belief. The Supreme Court’s interpretation of the degree of protection accorded by these rights also applies to the federal government in its entirety. Moreover, the Court has on a number of occasions applied an interpretation technique to the due process as curtailed in the Fourteenth Amendment as a clause meant to protect individuals from interference by state governments. fundamental components of liberty of expression include the right of autonomy to speech and press independence. Freedom of expression permits people to communicate without any form of intrusion from the authority. The Supreme Court has prominence on matters involving the government and interference to press freedom and freedom of association. The content-neutral legislation applies such strict mechanisms. The Supreme Court further documented the fact that a federal or central government posses power. This prevents speech that might facilitate a breach of the peace or promote aggression. The concept of sedation originated as a provision for rights to freedom and expression as provided in the country’s constitution. Sedition Sedation is defined as issuing statements that are likely to incite the public against the government. Sedition is a common law offense that is usually expressed through acts of intention aimed at Generating hatred between the public and the government Cause an unlawful issuance or publication of materials that dishonors the government Considering the points stated above, sedation could be described as unlawful language that may jeopardize state’s security. A statement or an action is considered an act of sedation if it threatens state’s security or incites hatred among the people. This description raises serious issues on the role of press freedom and the ability to sustain a free press. Certainly, press freedom and freedom of expression cannot thrive in the midst of sedation. Brief Historical Origin of the Concept The concept of sedation was developed in 1798 and 1801, following the threats of a French invasion. Prior to the developments, nearly twenty-six individuals had been charged in the federal court for publishing or collaborating in the printing of counterfeit news. In addition, people would be charged in a court of law for speaking in public with the intention of undermining the regime. Media house owners and other prominent personalities were detained and charged with treason and unlawful conduct. For example, publishing an article on John Adams the US led to the arrest of the journalist behind the story. In this case, political opponents of the government were the main defendants. The prosecution and judicial preceding raised heated debate on the role of a free press within a democratic country. The first federal trial connected to the case led to a widespread public uproar that threatened the credibility of the judicial service. This promoted discussions on political impudence and the role of judges on press freedom matters. The case further raised concern on the relationship between the state and the judiciary. Arguably, the judiciary is supposed to be an independent state authority that is free from the influence of the government. The Act which was passed in July 1798 but which until now has been subjected to numerous amendments, has provision for the punishment of people and journalists who make false declarations with the intentionally of defaming the federal

Traumatic Experiences Faced by Tina Essay Example for Free

Traumatic Experiences Faced by Tina Essay 1.1 Traumatic experiences As a result of her mother’s commitment to her marriage, Tina may experience a wide range of traumatic experiences. As a teenage girl she is predisposed to being violated by the ‘step’ male relatives that she’s living with. In this sense, she faces emotional, physical and psychological abuse at the hands of extended family (Finkerlhor Browne; 1985). The type of foreseen traumatic experiences is mostly aggravated by Tina’s profile and situation in the family. Being a step daughter, whose mother constantly wants to make an effort to embrace the union places her in a disadvantaged angle where either one of her step family members may find her either as a threat or an accessory that can be utilised to his advantage. Looking at this scenario, one cannot rule out the huge possibility being of a sexual nature, this is due to the contemporary social behaviour within family units, where children have become ‘accessories’ to utilise for adults pleasure. Tina’s mother and her new union could be the beginning of Tina’s worst nightmare. A chain of traumatic events could arise from just one form of abuse, for arguments sake let’s take sexual abuse and unpack it to its worst possible chain of events. After being sexually abused by either one of her step family members, Tina’s could contract a sexually transmitted disease; she could fall pregnant and maybe be forced to go through an abortion because of fear of stigma and lack of support from her mother and extended family. Alternatively, Tina could end up deciding to commit suicide due to feeling trapped, alone and depressed. 1.2 1.2.1 Effects of Child Abuse Child abuse has been conceptualised by a lot of scholars in various ways, this has either distorted or diminished the intensity of its effects in children. I feel that how one conceptualises child abuse should capture the exact effects and aggravated meaning it holds for its sufferers. This is a broad concept that when narrowed gives birth to various other concepts that encompass children’s victimization. Hence, for the purpose of Tina’s case, I have adopted the meaning that was captured in a study conducted within the Nigerian region. This not only gives Tina’s story relevance but it also engages with the same factors that affect an African teenager within the boundaries of a family unit is subjected to. Hence Akhilomen sees child abuse as ‘an intentional or neglectful physical or emotional injury imposed on a child’ (2006). As mentioned above, Tina could be perceived as a threat or an outsider by either one of her ‘step’ family members and that could lead to emotional and physical abuse such as neglect, she could be rejected and side-lined by her family members. As culture dictates, women are expected to leave their ‘a bustard† child with their families when they start new families, Tina is then automatically subjected to such unspoken discrimination within the family. She may be at a disadvantage of favourism of the brother because he is the husband’s son; this making it an emotional injury and also the possibility of verbal and physical abuse arises. Children who suffer abuse within families are said to show certain behavioural traits in society or any other groups they were initially involved in before the abuse. Suffering from the above-mentioned forms of abuse could raise feelings of sadness, anger, betrayal, unworthiness and children will soon be withdrawn from social scene (Finkerlhor Browne; 1985). 1.2.2 Effects of Sexual abuse â€Å"The National Centre on Child Abuse and Neglect (NCCAN) describes sexual abuse as contacts or interactions between a child and an adult when the child is being used for the sexual stimulation of the adult† (Kempe Kempe; 1987 in Schoeman; 2013: 63). This conceptualisation finds relevance in Tina’s case as she is used for her step brother’s stimulation and benefit for sexual pleasure. Sexual abuse has four traumatic impacts in a child’s life; these are discussed from a clinical and socio-cultural view. Finkelhor and Browne (1985) came up with a conceptualization that could be used in research and treatment of sexual abuse victims. This is targeting people in pastoral roles away from the family unit where children are exposed to these stressors; in this case Tina confiding in her teacher is the first step to acknowledging teachers as social activists. These are labelled as the four traumagenic dynamics and they are impacts that alter children’s cognitive and emotional orientation to the world and create trauma by distorting children’s self-concept, world view and effective capacities (1985). †¢ Traumatic sexualisation Refers to a process in which a child’s sexuality is shaped in a developmentally inappropriate and interpersonally dysfunctional fashion as a result of sexual abuse. This stage consists of feelings towards the offender; it affects the ‘trust’ aspect of the relationship as this case is an intra-familial encounter. This is where more behavioural signs are seen, Tina will feel a disruption in her normal mental functioning. She will seem sad, confused and eventually she will withdraw from her ‘normal’ self. This is the first sign that people close to her will be able to notice a disruption in her life. †¢ Powerlessness Powerlessness impairs a child sense of efficacy, a reaction to this stage will be fear and anxiety and total loss of control in situations that resemble the abuse (Finkerlhor Browne; 1985) (Schoeman; 2012-2014). As noted in the scenario, Tina already feels like going back home is like being in a trapped hole where she has no control over what happens to her. She fears for her life, she feels more like an object to her brother than a family member †¢ Betrayal This refers to a stage in a victim’s life where a number of reactions are noted, during this stage, they suffer feelings of grief and depression. This is coupled with feelings of hostility and anger in young girls of Tina’s age. Distrust may manifest itself in isolation and fear and resentment of males which at a later stage affects their ability to engage in healthy heterosexual relationships (Finkerlhor Browne; 1985). Tina’s feelings towards her mother; as the person that subjected her to this; she feels †¢ Stigmatization Lastly, given the feelings her mother has towards Tina and their previous experience with her father, Tina will most definitely be stigmatised by the family and initially her mother as she has dismissed her attempts to report the case. This will affect Tina’s ability to trust and depend on her mother as she has deliberately failed to protect her (Schoeman; 2012-2014). She will have feelings of resentment towards her mother as she will feel she subjected her to this; by constantly forcing her to make effort to accept her new family. This is validated by my initial statement about cultural expectations with bustard children; Tina will not get support from anyone in her circle of family as her mother will be accused of bringing this misfortune to herself. These negative connotations will not only affect the mother but Tina as well as these feelings are associated with suicide attempts and other self-destruction behaviours. 1.3 Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs Fig 1.3.1 [pic] †¢ Safety Needs Tina’s sexual abuse has distorted her normal view and perception of the world and the people in it. This has ‘burst her safety bubble’ she no longer feels safe in anyone’s company because her mother, being the one person to protect her has failed to do so. This has crashed her emotional and psychological link to the mother and world she looks up to. †¢ Love/Belonging Feelings of powerlessness and betrayal have left her feeling that she does not belong anywhere in the world. People whose love needs have been destroyed lose their sense of being worthy and belonging to society and hence the sky rocketing statistics of suicide amongst teenagers of Tina’s age (McLeod; 2007). Tina may feel that her mother’s pressure to make an effort to the family has caused her all this pain and trauma and she may conclude that she does not love her or she chooses her new family instead of her. This eventually leads to rejection and feelings of worthlessness. This will affect her ability to engage in healthy heterosexual intimate relationships as she grows older, her ability to establish and maintain friendships will also be affected as she loses trust in people. †¢ Esteem Needs A child whose esteem needs have been destroyed will find difficulty perceiving herself as a normal worthy and valued individual. It affects person from obtaining a higher level of self-esteem or self-respect (McLeod; 2007).Children who are sexually abused usually turn to worse measures to deal with the inadequacy they feel inside. SECTION 2 2.1 Counselling versus Support for Learning Problems †¢ Counselling Defined as a facilitative process where the counsellor uses specific skills to help young people help themselves more effectively (Gillis; 1997). This facilitative process entails giving ‘common sense’ advice and it extends the teacher-learner, parent-child relationship. Counselling is a more emotional than logical process of problem solving, in this sense, the counsellor has to be more aware of the children’s’ perspective of things and be able to come up with an interactive plan to help that child cope and solve the problem at hand. Counselling provides the child with a chance for growth and change. In this instance, Tina needs her teachers, peer educators and mostly her mother to help her find a way to address and deal with the abuse in her life. †¢ Counselling versus Learning Problem âž ¢ Conceptualization: Learning problems refer to the difficulty faced by children in partaking to academic/educational activities. These may be unpacked as limitations to comprehension of study content as well as reading and writing (Schoeman; 2012-14). This is characterised by the inability to engage in class activities or carry out academic tasks like other children, these are then regarded as learning problems which; given the availability of professional help, the teachers may have to intervene and help. Counselling is a facilitative process where the counsellor uses specific skills to help young people help themselves more effectively (Gillis; 1997). This facilitative process entails giving ‘common sense’ advice and it extends the teacher-learner, parent-child relationship. Counselling is a more emotional than logical process of problem solving, in this sense, the counsellor has to be more aware of the children’s’ perspective of things and be able to come up with an interactive plan to help that child cope and solve the problem at hand. âž ¢ Order/Method of Practice The approach or method of addressing these two roles differs regarding the needs of the child as well expectation of performance from the person in the pastoral role. Counselling entails the use of emotional relations into facilitation to helping the children become better problem solvers. There are certain skills that are required from the person who takes on the counselling role. This then dictates the order or manner in which the counsellor can create a condusive environment for the children. In these one may include the categories for counselling responses. These are namely; evaluating, interpreting, supporting/reassuring, questioning/probing, advice, communication, verbal and non-verbal responses and silence. These are all broken down to give a scope of the ‘know how’ of counselling. Learning support is a different ball game when it comes to going about it. Here the teacher has to take into consideration the state of being of the child, have full understanding of the problem and its dynamics. Schoeman (2012-2014) provides a list of guidelines that teachers are to follow in order to effectively assist children with learning problems. These guidelines are as follows: keep sessions short, meet regularly with the learner, sessions should be highly structured, keep anxiety levels at minimum, focus on specific issues being addressed and keep morale high. 2.2 Trauma and its Effects on Tina’s life Trauma implies intense emotional wounding that may comprise of bodily wounds, it entails the wounding of a person’s emotion, spirit, will to live, beliefs about themselves and the world, dignity and sense of security (Matsakis; 1996 in Schoeman; 2012-2014). It refers to â€Å"any negative event that causes an individual to re-experience an earlier traumatic event so that the current event somehow becomes as traumatic as, or at least strongly reminiscent of, the earlier event must itself be regarded as traumatic† (Urman, Funk Elliot; 2001:403-4). The trauma suffered by Tina is unpacked to various stages of response and feelings, amongst these, one has noticed recurring processes as to those described for the purposes of sexual abuse, and as a result, this section will only address the retaliation feelings from Tina. In this sense, Tina’s story will be addressed according to Lewis’ three traumatic phases of response (1995:15-16). These are namely the impact phase, the recoil phase and the re-integration phase. †¢ Impact Phase This stage can last from a few seconds to days immediately after the trauma, Matsakis continues to state that the victim may appear emotionally disorientated, confused irrational and disorganised (1996:34-5). At this point Tina will need comfort and reassurance from her adult figures and pastoral actors such as her teachers. At this stage assurance, comfort and love are the key things she needs from people around her. †¢ Recoil Phase According to Lewis, this is the reality phase (1995:15). Tina will experience feelings of sadness, guilt and anger. At this point in her life, Tina will have developed feelings of post-traumatic stress resulting from a constant reminder or reality and flashbacks from her sexual incident. †¢ Re-integration This phase holds Tina captivated in her own mental and psychological body as she eventually assimilates this horrible experience as part of her life. She however slowly learns to reintegrate herself with people, this is her body’s way of trying to heal and overcome the traumatic experience. Here she will show enthusiasm to reconnect with people the way she did before the trauma (Lewis; 1999:16). 2.3 Parental Involvement versus Parental Counselling It has been established that children who suffer any form of abuse need the support of their elderly people to overcome the effects of the traumatic experiences. Amongst the people who can provide this form of support are parents and teachers. As a result it is important to note the angle in which parents can be included in the programs for assisting children. âž ¢ Parental Counselling This form of support is addressed to the parents as primary caregivers to the children with learning difficulties. In this support programme parents are taught how to handle and give support to their children as a form of partnership with the teachers in managing the problem a child may be facing. The focal point lies in this form of problem being intrinsic and more emotional for both the parent and child. In some cases parents suffer from ignorance and fail to understand or even identify the problem (Schoeman; 2012-2014). It is in this sense that parental counselling becomes useful. âž ¢ Parental Involvement Parental involvement need not only to be for the formal meetings with the school authorities but Schoeman (2012-2014) notes that parents should be involved in all that involves their children within the school. Amongst these activities; school learning and intervention programmes, they should be involved in teaching their children in particular skills that can be useful to their development. Their involvement in cultural and sport activities not only benefits the child but the entire school benefits from an involved parent. 2.4 Tina’s Intervention It is important for school teachers to be familiar with the mandated reporting laws and know to what agency they should report suspected sexual abuse (most often, Child Protective Services). To prevent Tina from feeling betrayed after she has confided sexual abuse, teachers must first get approval from the child to get the authorities and other institutions involved to resolve the matter. Remedial intervention comprises of six principles of practice (Schoeman; 2012-2014). In these the teacher will have to design a detailed and proper planned learning strategy for Tina. Tina needs patience as a result; I find it relevant to employ attention to basic skill, motivation and evaluation principles into practice. In this I feel helping Tina will require more time in between school breaks and maybe after classes to establish a proper workable strategy for individual treatment. The first step to reporting this incident will be to alert the school support system and the governing body of this situation. This will happen with Tina’s consent. The school governing body and committee will then summon Tina’s mother to school to make her aware of the problem as well as of Tina’s attempts to report the abuse. After this meeting, a decision to further report the police will be tabled and a decision will be reached to act in the benefit of the victim. After the formalities have been dealt with, Tina and her mother will be taken to a community wellness centre for children and get counselling as they have to get help with living beyond this abuse. Tina will continue to get remedial treatment in class until she shows signs of reintegration. Reference list Akhilomen, D.O (2006) Addressing Child Abuse in Southern Nigeria: The role of the Church. Studies in World Christianity, Vol 12(3) pp235-248. Available at http://muse.jhu.edu/login?auth=0type=summaryurl=journals/studies_in_world_ch.. [Date Accessed 10th August 2013] Finkelhor, D Browne, A ( 1985) The Traumatic Impact of Child Sexual Abuse: A conceptualisation. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, Vol 55(4). Available at http://univerityofnewhemisphere.ac.za. [Date Accessed 10th August 2013] Harley, K., Barasa, F., Bertram, C., Mattson, E. Pillay, S (2000) â€Å"The real and the ideal†: Teacher roles and competencies in South African policy and practice. International Journal of Education Development Vol 20(2000) pp 287-304. Available at http://ukzn.ac.za.[Date Accessed 10th August 2013] McLeod, S. A. (2007). Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Simply Psychology. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html Schoeman, S (ed) (2012-2014) The educator in a pastoral role. University of South Africa

The Metaphorical Lesbian in Chopin’s The Awakening Essay -- Chopin Awa

The Metaphorical Lesbian in Chopin’s The Awakening In â€Å"The Metaphorical Lesbian: Edna Pontellier in The Awakening† Elizabeth LeBlanc asserts that the character Edna Pontellier is an example of what Bonnie Zimmerman calls the â€Å"metaphorical lesbian.† It’s important to distinguish between Zimmerman’s concept of the â€Å"metaphorical lesbian† and lesbianism. The â€Å"metaphorical lesbian† does not have to act on lesbian feelings or even become conscious of herself as a lesbian. Instead, the â€Å"metaphorical lesbian† creates a space for woman-identified relationships and experiences in a heterosexually hegemonic environment. In LeBlanc’s words, â€Å"I am suggesting†¦that the presence of lesbian motifs and manifestations in the text offers a little-explored position from which to examine the strategies and tactics by which Edna attempts to establish a subjective identity.† (237) LeBlanc’s support for this analysis comes from a variety of sources including Adrienne Rich’s article â€Å"Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Experience, Teresa de Lauretis’s, Monique Wittig’s and Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick’s wor...

A Glimpse Into the Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin

A Glimpse into The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin Marie Edmund ENG 125: Introduction to Literature Nathan Pritts February 11, 2013 A Glimpse into The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin Literature can be found at every turn and there are many different genres to choose from. Each brings with it a new world for the reader to immerse himself. Literature allows the reader to experience a new perspective. It allows the reader to feel and connect with the story and its characters. No matter the genre, the world created in a literary work provides enlightenment to the reader in spite of the varying emotions it conveys.One such literary work is Kate Chopin’s, â€Å"The Story of an Hour†. This short story captured my interest through its use of irony. In studying this specific work, I chose to use a reader-response approach to evaluate and analyze the text. Using a reader-response approach allows me to connect with the story and reflect on the wide array of emotions presented in t he story. In order to connect I had to read imaginatively and immerse myself in the story and put myself in the shoes of the main character, Mrs. Mallard.Once that was taken care of I had to consider or analyze what I had read, and then draw conclusions or interpret what I had read. In short, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† is about a woman who experiences a multitude of conflicting feelings at the news of her husband’s death due to a tragic train accident. Some of the feelings Mrs. Mallard experiences in this story are grief, exhaustion, fear, joy, and freedom. It is interesting to note that many of Chopin’s literary works represent women who are struggling to be free or to have independence of self.Also noteworthy is the fact that Chopin’s father died in a train accident and Chopin herself â€Å"†¦grew up surrounded by smart, independent, single women† (Wyatt, 1995, para. 2). It is no wonder that she portrays Mrs. Mallard as a strong, independen t woman, in spite of her heart trouble. At the onset of the story, one might have the opinion that Mrs. Mallard is weak because of her heart trouble and the â€Å"great care† that is taken in relaying the news of her husband’s death. However, it is quite the opposite. Initially she is distraught; stricken with grief and exhausted. But these feelings give way to something more.Using simile, the writer paints a clear picture of a new beginning†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees that were all aquiver with the new spring life. The delicious breath of rain was in the air† (Clugston, 2010). These thoughts of a new beginning brought with it fear for Mrs. Mallard. She was fearful of what she was feeling which could be described as joy or anticipation. Not wanting to seem heartless, in my opinion, she â€Å"beat it back with her will†, to no avail. She was finally free. Free to â€Å"live for herself† and to only think of her needs.This desire for freedom and self seems to be a running theme in many of Chopin’s literary works and can be seen in the character, Edna Pontellier, when she stands naked on the beach at Grand Isle. In a review by Lewis P. Simpson (1971), he quotes Seyersted who says that Edna â€Å"symbolizes a victory of self-knowledge and authenticity as she becomes fully herself. † I believe that this depicts Mrs. Mallard as well. Mrs. Mallard knew that her husband loved her and because of that she would still feel sorrow and grief, but she would also feel relief. Relief because she knew she had the rest of her life ahead of her to live it as she pleased.Unfortunately for her, that relief was short-lived when in an ironic twist, her husband, Brently Mallard walked in the front door alive and well and Mrs. Mallard died. There are many different genres of literature but in particular I really enjoyed Chopin’s short story The Story of an Hour. The textbook tel ls us, â€Å"Literature restores the past, stimulates the imagination, glorifies the commonplace, evokes emotions and links feeling to thinking, upholds a vision of the ideal, and explores significant human questions and reveals human nature (Clugston, 2010).This rings true for this piece of literature. It brought together elements of imagination, symbolism, and metaphors that paint a vivid picture of a woman who feels repressed in her marriage and embraces the freedom she feels at the news of her husband’s death. This piece allowed me to experience a new perspective. It allowed me to feel and connect with the story and its characters. It created a world that I could immerse myself into. References Clugston, R. W. (2010). Journey into literature. San Diego, California: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.Retrieved from https://content. ashford. edu/books/AUENG125. 10. 2/sections/sec2. 3 Kate Chopin: A Critical Biography by Per Seyersted; The Complete Works of Kate Chopin by Per Seyer sted; Kate Chopin Review by: Lewis P. Simpson Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association , Vol. 12, No. 1 (Winter, 1971), pp. 86-88 Published by: Louisiana Historical Association Article Stable URL: http://www. jstor. org/stable/4231171 Wyatt, N. (1995). Biography of Kate Chopin. Retrieved from http://www. vcu. edu/engweb/webtexts/hour/katebio. html

Analysis on settlement hierachy coursework

In my introduction of my investigation I made a hypothesis that said, â€Å"the settlements of Prestwood and Wendover demonstrate the settlement hierarchy.† I predicted that Prestwood was a large village and Wendover was a small town, and I said that I would try and prove this by observing and comparing the two settlements with each other. Over the last four months I have investigated this hypothesis thoroughly and my results and data presentation have proved that my hypothesis was correct. I have collected this data in various different techniques, but my main technique was the questionnaire, which I carried out in both settlements. Some of which is primary information, like the questionnaire which I designed, the photographs which I took of particular services and characteristics in each settlement which I collected all myself; and some of it is secondary information like the data which I collected from the Aylesbury reference library. My data helps show that the two settlements that I carried out my investigation in, Prestwood and Wendover are placed in some sort of order in the settlement hierarchy. Prestwood is the smaller settlement of the two with a population of 7124 people, and Wendover being the larger settlement of the two having a population of 8612 people; I collected this data form the Aylesbury reference library. Also in Wendover there is a wider range of places where the people have visited from in Wendover, whereas in Prestwood the majority of people visited from within the settlement and so I sketched out a land use survey of the services and whether or not they were high or low. After examining and comparing each of the settlement diagrams I realized that there is higher amount of high order services in Wendover than Prestwood which symbolizes another characteristic of a town. Whilst collecting my data for my questionnaire I had to write down the services available and whether they were low or high services. I found out that Wendover has a larger amount of services available than Prestwood and so more people would visit the settlement due to the wider range of services. I carried out a traffic survey also and I found out that Wendover has a higher average of vehicles passed per minute in a busy part of the settlement than Prestwood. 1. What are the populations of the two settlements? To investigate about this question I researched and collected information from the Aylesbury reference library. During my visit there I found out the population of each settlement. I discovered that the population of people living in Prestwood is 7124 people. I also found that Wendover has a population of 8612 people. Due to the fact that I found out that Wendover has a larger population of people than Wendover it gives us the impression that it is a larger settlement also and more likely to be stated as being a town than a village. This makes my theory and prediction correct, when I stated that the larger settlement would have a larger population. 2. What services are available in each settlement? (Low/High) The settlement of Wendover contains of a large number of low, medium and high order services, with a total number of 10 low order, 21 medium order and 10 high order services. In the certain area of which I carried out my investigation there were a number of 10 low and medium order services and 8 high order services. The settlement of Prestwood contains mostly medium order services with some low order and one or two high order services. In the certain area of which I carried out my investigation in Prestwood there were a number of 10 low and medium orders services and 6 high order services. These facts agree with my theory and prediction of; the settlement with the larger population would have a larger number of high order services and the smaller settlement would have a larger percentage of low and medium order services. I think that this is true due to the fact that if there are more people living in the settlement there will correspondingly have a range of low, medium and high order services. 3. How far do people travel to visit Prestwood and Wendover for their services? (High/Low) During my investigation I carried out a questionnaire to find out information about this question. In the settlement of Wendover people travelled from distant surroundings like the outskirts of Aylesbury and Princes Risborough. Whereas in the settlement of Prestwood I found out that there are only very few people whom visit the services actually outside Prestwood, let alone travelling a long distance to use the services. I also discovered whilst carrying out my questionnaire in Wendover that most people whom have visited from a distance used the high order services, while on the contrary the settlement of Prestwood most people visited to use the low order services. These statistics give me the impression that people are only willing to travel a long distance to use the high order services rather than in Prestwood most people have travelled from within the village or the outskirts of it. Due to the fact that there are more high order services available in Wendover may be the reason in why there is a higher amount of people using the services, and why more people have travelled to Wendover from a distance than Prestwood. From my questionnaire research I found that the general maximum people travel to visit Prestwood is the settlement of Gt. Kingshill, which is only 3 minutes away from the services. I have not included the person whom visited from Aylesbury or Hughenden or the person whom was passing through, due to the number for each was so little. In extent, the maximum length people travel to use the services of Wendover was the settlements of Gt. Missenden and Prestwood, which is roughly 7 miles. 4. Do the number of services available reflect the population of each settlement? In Wendover the number of services does reflect the population of the settlement; this is due to having the population of a small town, being smaller than the large town and bigger than a large village. This is corresponding in the amount of the services and the type of order of the services, as there are more services, with a higher order than the small village but a smaller amount of services than the large town. In Prestwood the number of services does also reflect population of the settlement; this is due to having the population of a large village, being smaller than a small town but larger than a small village. This also corresponds in the amount of the services and the type of order of the services within the settlement. These statistics prove my prediction to be accurate due to the fact that I stated that the larger settlement, the higher the number of services available and the smaller the settlement the lower the number of services available. 5. How many vehicles pass in a certain place of each settlement? In the certain area of which I carried out my traffic survey in Wendover there seemed to be an awful lot more vehicles passing than in the area in Prestwood. I encountered that the average number of vehicles passed in Wendover was 22.467, which is a reasonable high amount. The average number of vehicles in Prestwood was 15.867. These statistics symbolizes the difference of traffic between a town and a village. The larger the settlement the more cars travelling throughout. In my opinion this is due to the population of Wendover being more then Prestwood being higher and so accordingly there should be a higher amount of cars travelling about. The data I gathered follows the theories I introduced in my introduction precisely, this states about the Settlement Hierarchy. All the settlements followed the settlement hierarchy. This theory states that the smaller the settlement and population the less frequency and quality of the services. Therefore the small towns, with small populations, have very few services and the ones that it does are of low quality. Oppositely the large settlements, with large populations, will have more services which are of better quality. I can see this trend of data in my results and data presentation. Prestwood has a smaller population so pursuing my theory it should have fewer services which are mostly of high and low order services, and from my data I can see that is true. Wendover is a larger settlement and has a larger population so, in agreement with my theory, it should have more services, which are of a high order. During the time in which I carried out my questionnaire in Prestwood I asked a man where he had travelled from to use the service he had used, and he replied that he was from Newport in Wales and had come down to visit some of his family. Due to this being very unusual answer I counted his data as an anomaly and did not include it in my results table or in any of my graphs. This interpretation does not relate to my knowledge of the area and that is one of the reasons in which I have not included this in my data. Another is that it does not agree and correspond with my theory and is a one-off occurrence during my investigation. As I have stated before, the settlement of Wendover would obviously be placed above Prestwood in the settlement hierarchy. But if I were asked to place them appropriately on the settlement hierarchy this is where I would. As you can see above I have placed the two settlements appropriately; Wendover is plotted beside the small town section and Prestwood at the top of the village section which is symbolizing that its is not quite a small town but a large village. In conclusion, during the time that I have carried out my investigation on whether â€Å"the settlements of Prestwood and Wendover demonstrate the settlement hierarchy† I have discovered many factors in thorough detail. I have found out that the settlement of Wendover and the settlement of Prestwood do in fact demonstrate in some order the settlement hierarchy. From my own knowledge, experiments and techniques I have made an opinion of my own that Prestwood is a large village and Wendover is a small town. I have discovered through secondary information from the Aylesbury reference library that the settlement of Prestwood has a population of 7124 people, and Wendover, the larger settlement of the two has a population of 8612 people. I have also established that the two settlements of Wendover and Prestwood also demonstrate the order of services hierarchy due to finding out that the larger population the larger the number of high order services and the smaller the settlement the larger percentage of low and medium order services. The larger the population the higher the number of services within and so there is a higher majority of people visiting from far distances. The higher the number of services in the settlement the larger the population and the larger the settlement the busier the roads and the higher amount of vehicles passing.

Moringa Oleifera †The Miracle Tree

Moringa Oleifera – The Miracle Tree Free Online Research Papers Moringa oleifera, commonly referred to simply as Moringa, is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Moringa. Moringa is the only genus in the family Moringaceae. Moringa oleifera is a nutritious vegetable tree with a variety of potential uses. Every part of the Moringa Oleifera tree, from the roots to the leaves has beneficial properties that can serve humanity. Moringa oleifera trees have been used to combat malnutrition, especially among infants and nursing mothers. Leaves can be eaten fresh, cooked, or stored as dried powder for many months without refrigeration, and reportedly without loss of nutritional value. Though we take a healthy food, it may lack in one or few nutrients required by our body. If the Moringa is taken as supplement by us then the bioavailability of the nutrient will be more and the body will be nourished with the required nutrients. Moringa oleifera powder has Vitamin A Beta Carotene, Thiamine, Riboflavin, Niacin, Pyrodixine, Biotin, Ascorbic Acid, Cholecalciferol, Tocopherol and Vitamin K. Moringa oleifera powder is rich in vitamin to the extent that it is one of the richest plant sources of Vitamin. The Minerals present in Moringa oleifera is abundant and few of the main minerals include Calcium, Copper, Iron, Potassium, Magnesium, Manganese and Zinc. All these minerals are needed for the proper functioning of the body. These vitamins and minerals present in Moringa oleifera improve the nutrient level in the body. Moringa oleifera, with 90+ nutrients, is the best source to nourish the body with the essential nutrients. Moringa oleifera contains more than 46 antioxidants helps to prevent the free radical accumulation in our body. Moringa oleifera has 7 times the vitamin C found in oranges which is required by our body to strengthen our immune system and fights infectious diseases including colds and flu. Moringa oleifera has 4 times the calcium found in milk which helps to build up strong bones and teeth calcium s very important, this helps to prevent osteoporosis. Moringa oleifera contains 4 times the Vitamin A found in carrots which acts as a shield against diseases of the eyes, skin and heart, diarrhea, and many other ailments. Moringa oleifera has 3 times the potassium found in bananas where Potassium is essential for the brain and nerves. Moringa oleifera contains 2 times the protein found in yogurt. Proteins, the building blocks of our bodies, are made of amino acids. Usually only animal products such as meat, eggs, and dairy contain all the essential amino acids. Amazingly, Moringa oleifera leaves also contain them all. Moringa oleifera has 0.75 times the iron found in spinach. Iron plays an important role in the synthesis of hemoglobin in blood which carries oxygen to all parts of the body. Various parts of this plant such as the leaves, roots, seed, bark, fruit, flowers and immature pods act as cardiac and circulatory stimulants, possess antitumor, antipyretic, antiepileptic, antiinflammatory, antiulcer, antispasmodic, diuretic, antihypertensive, cholesterol lowering, antioxidant, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antibacterial and antifungal activities, and are being employed for the treatment of different ailments in the indigenous system of medicine. Grenera Nutrients is an integrated Moringa company that deals with everything from planting the oleifera trees to selling value added Moringa oleifera products. Yelixir is the flagship brand of our company. Since we control every part of the supply chain, all our products are 100% traceable. Our Moringa oleifera trees are grown organically without using any pesticides. We process the Moringa oleifera leaves and pods under hygienic conditions and using a special process, which helps the Moringa oleifera parts to retain maximum nutrients. Grenera Nutrients is contributing a lot for the research and application of Moringa oleifera in various fields and we are also investing to increase the awareness of Moringa to the general public. Research Papers on Moringa Oleifera – The Miracle TreeMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductGenetic EngineeringThe Spring and AutumnCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalDefinition of Export QuotasOpen Architechture a white paper

Boldwoods Christmas party Essay Example for Free

Boldwood’s Christmas party Essay Bathsheba Everdene is the main character in a Thomas Hardy novel called â€Å"Far From the Madding Crowd†. Which is set in Wessex. Bathsheba’s character is along with many other things decisive, brisk, vain, businesslike, and independent. However you see her evolve throughout the book, mainly as a result of her marriage to Frank Troy. At the beginning of the story Hardy seems to focus on her bad qualities, though you still see people wishing to be married to her. Some good qualities are shown as well like her thoughtful response to save Gabriel’s life. This trait is mentioned in chapter one, almost everything else follows on from this. Vanity affects the way she behaves in a powerful way. Her vanity makes her annoyed and angry at not attracting Boldwood’s attention. When she meets Frank Troy he plays up to her vanity by paying her compliments and showing her flirtatious affection. By the end of the story she shows that she has grown out of or overcome her vanity. Instead of wanting to stand out and have everyone looking at her, at Boldwood’s Christmas party, she dresses down and wants to merge into the background. You can also see she is not vain because when Boldwood praises her beauty the comments have no effect. Her life experiences have caused this change in her. The main life experience is her marriage to Frank Troy which affected her the most. She transforms from a confident character to a submissive and introverted figure she becomes less and less like her usual self. The first sign you see of independence is fairly near the beginning in chapter three, when we see her riding the horse. Instead of doing it the conventional ladylike way we see her lie flat on her back on top of the horse’s back. This could be showing her independence and unconventional behaviour, this would tie in with an independent spirit â€Å"too wild†. She likes to have independence so later on in the story when this is taken away from her we see her rely on Gabriel Oak. She always had her own independence, but when she got married she lost that independence and we see her seek advice and help from Gabriel Oak. At one point in the story she rejects Gabriel’s advice, but later on in chapter fifty four she asks for it. This shows a big change in her personality. She once would have done her own thing and maybe even sacked Gabriel for his ‘advice’ whereas she now values both him and his opinion. Her independence continues to be shown throughout the rest if the story, even after her marriage to Frank Troy. Independence along with confidence is showed when she goes to the corn market and is the only woman there. Another characteristic shown is confidence with businesslike skills. An example of this would be when she takes it upon herself to sack her bailiff. â€Å"I have formed a resolution to have no bailiff at all†. Bathsheba’s confidence continues to be shown with her decision to pay the workers herself in chapter ten. Bathsheba has a lot of confidence in herself. â€Å"In short I shall astonish you all†. This is said shortly after her decision to have no bailiff when she is convincing the staff that she can manage. The speech shows her self-confidence shining and her belief in her own ability. Towards the end of the novel we see her find an even balance between the overconfidence which she showed through the beginning of the novel which made her appear full of herself, compared with when she had little or no confidence and relied on Frank Troy, to finally become a person who can cope on her own but realises she cannot do everything to the best of her ability without assistance. Before we see her lose her self confidence she shows she believes in herself by going to the Corn Market, making her the only woman present. One thing bothers Bathsheba; the fact that Boldwood is the only person who does not take notice of her. This lack of attention shows us how she craves to be the centre of attention; you could even go as far as calling her an attention seeker. She will do silly antics in an attempt to attract people’s attention. For example the Valentine’s Day card. Bathsheba tries to make herself popular with everyone especially men; this seems to be her biggest desire. In chapter thirteen she mischievously sends a Valentine card to Boldwood to attract his attention. This starts Bathsheba’s change. She wants people to notice her and does not sit around waiting she takes action for herself. The sending of the Valentines card shows her vain characteristic. A big characteristic she shows throughout is impulsiveness, she does things without thinking. The Valentine’s Day card is an example of this; another example of this earlier in the book is when she chases Gabriel Oak after he had been wrongly informed that many men wanted her hand in marriage; though she did not want to accept his proposal. She did not think that her actions would show this until after the conversation her and Gabriel had. Many of her actions are on impulse she doesn’t think things through first. Later on however she takes time to think about Fanny’s grave and she decides to clean it up and replant the bulbs on it. This also shows she can be selfless. When Gabriel gives her advice early in the novel she decides she doesn’t like what he has to say. She sacks him whilst she was angry and acting highly impulsively. This demonstrates how she doesn’t want to face the truth even though she values his opinion; later in the novel after the â€Å"drowning† of Frank Troy she relents asking him for his thoughts. Boldwood’s Christmas party. (2017, Oct 01). 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X-Ray Powder Diffraction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

X-Ray Powder Diffraction - Essay Example (Marta J.K Flour, 1997) Theory A non amorphous material consists of a three dimensional structure having atoms in a series of planes separated by a distance. When X-Rays are directed on to this structure, part of it is transmitted the specimen, some part is absorbed, a part is refracted and the rest diffracted. Diffraction of the beam brings out a fingerprint of the crystal lattice which depends on the arrangement of atoms in different planes and the type of mineral in the lattice. (Ron Jenkins, 2000) Applications 1. Apart from identifying the different minerals present it also gives an accurate data regarding the proportion of each of these minerals in the mixture. 2. It is also used in determining the degree of crystalline phase in a mineral and the divergence from its ideal state. 3. Study of secondary minerals helps in ascertaining the degree of solubility of the mineral and the kind of storage facility this would require. 4. Analysis of the under clays lying under coal beds have helped in identifying the nature of environment and climate that existed in these Middle Pennsylvanian regions. Introduction-2 The discovery of x rays by W.C Roentgen in 1895 led to its use in identifying the structure of crystalline materials. In principle a monochromatic beam of x-ray electrons will be dispersed by the atomic electrons and different diffraction patterns are obtained for each plane of crystal lattice. The diffraction pattern that is obtained by using the x ray powder diffraction method is used to identify the various phases in different materials.( James R Connelly, 2007) Theory X rays generated under vacuum conditions are made to impinge on a sample that has been ground into powder of size less than 10 microns. The arrangement of atoms in the crystal lattice causes these electrons to be diffracted by varying degrees. This can therefore be used to ascertain the distances between different planes of atoms by applying Bragg’s law. This ‘fingerprint†™ allows in better identification of a material. ( Mike Meier, 2004) Applications 1. Identification of materials chemical compounds and rocks in single phase and multiphase respectively. 2. Ascertaining amorphous materials that are partly in crystalline state. 3. The amount of different phases calculated using peak-ratio calculations 4. These are used in remote sensing study of hydrothermally distorted rocks that are found on several Cascade volcanoes and its study helps in gathering information regarding landslides and mudflows. Introduction-3 X ray powder diffraction method is a non-destructive procedure used in the identification of phases and determination of crystal structure along with its imperfections. All kinds of microcrystalline structures of metals, ceramics, organics and catalysts can found out using this technique which was initially devised by Debye and Scherrer in 1916. Theory Current applied releases electrons from a filament. These electrons are then accelerated at voltages of 60kV onto a copper piece producing x rays on impingement. These x rays are then directed onto a sample that has been ground to fine powder of size less than 10 microns. The diffraction pattern that is obtained can be used to measure the actual distances between crystalline planes using the equations of Bragg’s Law. ( Stock.S.R & Cullity B.D, 2001) Applications 1. Ascertain crystal structure of an unknown material and phase identification of high and low temperature phases. 2. Degree of crystalline phase that is present in a material. A crystalline phase presents narrower diffraction peaks compared to amorphous phases. 3. The amount of residual stress that exists in a material after the external load has been removed. 4.